Should you be wary of developing diabetes?
The statistics are disappointing: more than 8.5% of the adult population worldwide suffers from diabetes and related complications such as disorders of the kidneys, heart and nervous system. By 2030, the number of people with diabetes may reach 20% of the world's population.
The good news is that if prevention and treatment is started on time, disease can be prevented or delayed.
Diabetes is a chronic condition in which blood glucose levels are elevated. It would seem - what's wrong with that? The trouble is that when glucose circulates freely in the blood, its excess can get into organs and tissues in which it is not supposed to be - the walls of large vessels, the vessels of the eyes and kidneys, the nervous tissue - and damage them. At the same time, glucose is not absorbed by those tissues that really need it - muscle and fat. Instead of glucose, cells begin to receive energy from fats, and because of this, harmful compounds are formed in the body and metabolism is disrupted.
These invisible processes in the body can have very specific manifestations in everyday life. What should you look for to notice the first signs of diabetes?
- Constant feeling of thirst and frequent urination. Have you noticed that you are constantly thirsty, although it is not hot outside and you did not eat anything salty? This could be a sign that the kidneys have to work harder to absorb and flush excess glucose from the body. This leads to increased urination, which means dehydration and thirst.
- Drowsiness and fatigue. Living in the rhythm of a modern city, we often get tired, and this is normal. But if fatigue has become a constant companion of life and neither weekend nor vacation helps to recover, this may be a symptom of diabetes. Not getting enough glucose, cells lack energy, and we lose energy.
- Weight loss. Do you eat as usual and do not exhaust yourself with physical exercises, but at the same time you have lost 5-10 kilograms in a month? Do not rush to rejoice, because such a sharp change in weight can be caused by metabolic disorders. In diabetes, the glucose you get from food may not be absorbed into the cells of the body, but rather washed out in the urine. Therefore, you will not be getting the calories you need.
- Poorly healing wounds and cuts. If even the smallest wounds do not heal for a long time and cause you discomfort, this is a reason to consult a doctor. Excess blood glucose can weaken the immune system, cause nutrient deficiencies and inflammation in cells, all of which reduce the body's natural ability to heal wounds.
- Vision problems. Do you see double vision and it seems to you that you are looking at the world through a veil of fog? Diabetes can lead to visual impairment when excess glucose damages the blood vessels of the eyes or leads to disruption of the structure of the lens.
If you notice one or more of these symptoms, see your doctor right away and they will order your blood glucose tests. Based on the results of the examination, you will either calm down and understand that everything is fine with you, or you will find that your glucose level is really high and you will start treatment in a timely manner.
Methods for preventing and treating diabetes differ depending on which type of diabetes you are dealing with.
- Prediabetes is a condition in which blood glucose levels fall outside the normal range, but so far the process is reversible. This usually means that you are at risk of developing type 2 diabetes. But do not rush to get upset - having diagnosed violations at such an early stage, you can change your lifestyle, start drinking the necessary medications and delay or completely avoid the development of diabetes.
- Type 1 diabetes occurs when the cells in the pancreas are unable to produce insulin, a hormone that helps transport glucose from the blood to the tissues of the body. Most often, this disorder is diagnosed in childhood or adolescence, much less often in adulthood. This is a chronic disease, however, you can live an active and fulfilling life with it. Insulin injections and an appropriate diet are usually prescribed to direct the course of the disease in a controlled way.
- Type 2 diabetes is associated with a drop in insulin sensitivity of the body's cells and is most often diagnosed in adulthood. It can be overwhelming to be diagnosed like this, but don't worry - there are many therapies that have worked well. For some people, it is enough to simply change their diet: eat less sugar and sweets, keep track of calories, and also partially replace animal fats with vegetable ones. Many people find it helpful to start leading a more active lifestyle - adding regular gym workouts, morning runs, or just long walks to their schedule. However, over time, you will likely still need to use medications or supplements to lower your blood glucose levels.
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